BIBLIO-NOTES:NEWSLETTER OF THE ACRL ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE DISCUSSION GROUP

Meeting Information ALA Midwinter Meeting Denver 1993

The general meeting for the Discussion Group at the ALA Midwinter Meeting is Sunday,
January 24,1993 9:30-12:30 a.m.

Place: To be announced.

Agenda:

1. New officer elections

2. Discussion Topic and Panel for Annual Conference 1994

3. Discussion Topic and Panel for Annual Conference 1995

4. Discussion of desirability of becoming a Section

5. Discussion of the quality of author bibliographies (John Van Hook, Discussion
Leader)

6. Discussion of the MLA Bibliography on CD-ROM: SilverPlatter vs Wilson (Scott
Stebelman,Discussion Leader)

7. Discussion of MLA on EPIC "FirstSearch"

8. Updating of mailing list (Candace Benefiel)

9. Reports from other groups

10. Other business

Note from the Chair: I don't really believe we'll have time to discuss all of the
above topics. We will probably have to table some items until June 1993 or January
1994.

Other Meetings

The planning committees for the 1994 and 1995 meetings will meet on Sunday, January 24
from 4:00-5:30. Rooms to be announced; all interested parties are welcome.

1992-1993 Officers

Chair: William Gargan, Brooklyn College

Vice Chair/Chair Elect: William Baker

Secretary: Michaelyn Burnette, Berkeley

Members-at-Large: Nancy Buchanan, Texas A & M; Tim Shipe, University of Iowa; John
Van Hook, University of Florida.

Minutes 1992 Annual Meeting San Francisco

The ACRL English and American Literature Discussion Group met on June 29, 1992. The
meeting began at 2 p.m. and was chaired by Candace Benefiel. Thirty-five people
attended.

I. Panel on Popular Culture and Libraries:

1. Douglas Highsmith, Chair, ACRL Popular Culture and Libraries Discussion Group,
described the formation of the group, which serves as a forum to share information and
research and also to enhance and increase awareness of popular culture in libraries. He
also talked about the pop culture collection at Cal State Fullerton which is typical of
most collections in its lack of acquisition funds and its problems of preservation,
bibliographic control, access, and security. The collection was founded in the early
seventies at the behest of faculty members and is housed in special collections. Much of
the collection is the result of a gift from a collector. Retrospective collecting is
very expensive because libraries are competing with collectors. The best pop culture
collections are in the hands of collectors and thus are not widely available for
scholarly use. Scholars need to use directories of pop culture collections to find these
private collections.

2. Barbara Moran, Professor, School of Information and Library Science, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, spoke of an aesthetic conservatism in academic libraries
which results in a resistance to collecting pop culture in academic libraries.
Especially in times of stringent budgets, librarians tend to collect what the elite
culture terms the "very best" titles. As Lawrence Levine points out
Highbrow/Lowbrow, this chasm between high and low culture is a development of
the twentieth century. While librarians often read mysteries, few collect them for
academic libraries. Even fewer collect romance novels or westerns or subscribe to
True Confessions or The National Enquirer. Management of pop culture
collections is not often taught in library schools. Moran called on librarians to
collect actively so this material will be available for the scholars of tomorrow.
Librarians need to include rather than exclude. Potential problems: (1) the vast
quantity of pop culture means that no one library can collect it all and that libraries
will have to cooperate. (2) The material is often hard to handle since it is not in
standard formats, and is ephemeral, and presents special preservation challenges. (3)
Much of the material is not cataloged, creating problems in locating it for
scholars.

3. Donald Ault, Professor of English, University of Florida, discussed his fascination
with pop culture and the difficulties he has had in gaining acceptance of pop culture as
a research area and of his worries about the disappearance of much of the material.
Libraries need to acquire before it is out of print and expensive.

II. Business Meeting:

1. New officers are William Baker, Vice-Chair/ Chair Elect; Michaelyn Burnette,
Secretary; Timothy Shipe, Nancy Buchanan, John Van Hook, Members at Large.

2. In her guise as editor of Biblio-Notes, Benefiel urged members to send
articles.

3. Elaine Franco reported on the meeting of the ACRL/MLA Scope and Overlap Committee
which now involves about 40 librarians and may continue for several years. A preliminary
report will be presented to the MLA Bibliography Advisory Committee this
fall.

4. John Van Hook suggested that the ACRL/MLA committee should broaden its scope and look
at the way that the MLAIB is indexed. Several members agreed that the dialog
between librarians and MLA should continue and expressed the hope that MLA will listen
to our suggestions for improving the MLAIB.

5. John Van Hook distributed information to stimulate discussion at Midwinter on the
quality of recent author bibliographies.

6. Benefiel will send a mailing to all members to solicit email and FAX addresses.

7. A brief discussion about the merits of MLAIB on Wilson and on SilverPlatter
brought agreement that the topic needs further attention at Midwinter.

8. Gargan spoke briefly about the New Orleans program and solicited ideas for
speakers.

The meeting adjourned at 5:20.

Respectfully submitted,
Michaelyn Burnette
Secretary

REVIEW OF THE MLA INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SILVER PLATTER SCOTT STEBELMAN

Until 1992 the MLA International Bibliography (MLAIB) on compact disk was
available only through the H. W. Wilson Company. That year SilverPlatter brought out its
own product, which covered the same years as Wilson but provided new search features.
Below are some of the differences.

THESAURUS

As with the ERIC and PsycLit databases, the Silver-Platter MLAIB has
its own thesaurus. This significantly enhances citation retrieval, the searcher no
longer having to guess what synonyms capture a concept. Take the subject of Shakespeare,
for example. Students interested in the staging of Shakespeare's plays can search the
word "staging" in the thesaurus. When the highlight falls on the desired word, the
student can then select "Term Details" from the menu below, which indicates all of the
broader, narrower, and related terms for "staging." By moving the highlight to any of
these terms, and pressing <enter>, each term is captured, searched, linked by the
Boolean operator "or" with other selected synonyms, and the combined hits posted in a
final set. In addition, any of these highlighted terms can be "term detailed," thus
increasing the number of descriptors and potentially the number of citations retrieved.
When finished all the "staging" synonyms can then be linked through the Boolean operator
"and" with Shakespeare citations.

One significant impediment to this process is the highlight default: instead of resting
on the select function, it rests on term details. Since the natural choice at this stage
of the search is to select synonymous terms, the searcher has to tab back and forth
between functions (while moving the side arrow to the desired term); this slows down the
process and, although a challenge to one's motor skills, is annoying. SilverPlatter
needs to re-think this in its next software revision.

For those of us who are reference librarians, the thesaurus provides an added dividend of
identifying authors of specific works. A case in point: to learn who wrote The
Recruiting Officer, a student need only press the thesaurus function key, type
the play's title, and Farquhar's name will appear on the screen.

Another very useful feature is the "explode" command. Instead of highlighting, then
selecting, all the narrower synonyms for "staging," the searcher can simply type
"explode staging" and all the synonyms will be searched simultaneously. This is
especially helpful for broad terms which subsume many narrower terms. "Lyric poetry" and
"animal imagery" are examples of this. In many cases searchers may want to limit their
focus to a specific national literature, such as "American Literature" or "English
Literature." "English Literature" has no narrower terms, "American Literature" has
three, but "Spanish American Literature" has 25. Exploding a term often will retrieve
substantially more citations than if the single term is entered by itself. Below are
some examples of the different postings one can get (hyphens between words indicate they
are being searched as bound descriptors):

#1: 1085 SPANISH-AMERICAN-LITERATURE
#2: 13581 explode
SPANISH-AMERICAN-LITERATURE

1: 117 COMMONWEALTH-LITERATURE
#2: 5330 explode COMMONWEALTH-LITERATURE

#1: 87 ANIMAL-IMAGERY
#2: 145 explode ANIMAL-IMAGERY

One drawback to exploding--it is sometimes unreliable. For example, when I tried to
explode "flowers," I received the message: "Term has no narrower terms in Thesaurus."
Consulting the Thesaurus shows this to be untrue.

PERIOD SEARCHING

Searching the CD by historical period is more difficult than it was with DIALOG's online
edition. This problem originates from MLA's decision in 1981, with the advent of the
electronic database, to cease assigning descriptor codes to citations. "Descriptor
codes" enabled searchers to limit to a specific literary period, such as Middle English
Literature or American Literature, 1870 1900. After 1981 MLA tagged most of its entries
with century descriptors; this works fine if your research naturally limits itself to a
century, such as Eighteenth Century English Literature. However, if you want to limit
your research to the Romantic Period, you have to enter both the words "Romantic Period"
(as a descriptor) and 1800-1899 if you want to retrieve everything that is relevant. In
the process you will retrieve unwanted citations on Victorian literature. The
Renaissance is even more problematical: it covers two centuries, and many citations
cover very narrow periods within that time. For example, here is a Renaissance study
that would not have been captured by limiting the search to 1500-1599, 1600-1699, or
1500-1699:

TI TITLE: Jews and Devils: Anti-Semitic Stereotypes of Late Medieval and Renaissance
England
AU AUTHOR(S): Felsenstein,-Frank
SO SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC
CITATION): Literature-and-Theology: -An-Interdisciplinary-Journal-of
Theory-and-Criticism, Glasgow GL2 8QQ, Scotland (L&T). 1990 Mar., 4:1,
15-28.
IS International Standard Numbers: ISSN 0269-1205
LA LANGUAGE:
English
PT PUBLICATION TYPE: journal-article
PY PUBLICATION YEAR:
1990
DE DESCRIPTORS: English-literature; 1100-1699; treatment of Jews-; as
devil-; relationship to Christianity-; English-society
LTD UPDATE CODE:
9001
AN ACCESSION NUMBER: 90-1-198

Given the imprecision of period searching, the best strategy is to use natural language,
when possible, with century descriptors. For the above search, it would be important to
add the words "Renaissance," "Elizabethan," "Jacobean," "Tudor," "Stuart," and "Caroline
Literature."

DESCRIPTOR SUBFIELDS

Most searches conducted by students are fairly simple--articles are wanted on a specific
writer or a specific literary work. However, sometimes the writer or work can be so
popular that limiting to what MLA calls "descriptor subfields" can be useful. Take the
case of Whitman. If someone wanted to research Whitman's influence on other writers, and
entered "Whitman" as a descriptor, they would get 731 postings.* They could add the word
"influence" to the search strategy, but the computer (in most systems) cannot
distinguish the direction of semantic relationships--that is, the computer cannot
distinguish between studies of Whitman's influence on other writers, and other writers'
influence on Whitman. By using the subfield codes LIF and LSO that direction can be
designated. The problem with the Silver Platter documentation, both in print and on
terminal help screens, is that there are no explanations of what these terms mean, nor
are there any examples of how they might be used. I had to consult DIALOG's old
documentation (better than SilverPlatter but also inadequate) for examples, and
experiment with different searches to see what might emerge.

A few other subfields are also useful. Searching "evil" as a descriptor yields 362
citations; limiting these to the "theme" subfield (LTH) drops them down to 305. Genre
studies are very important in literary research, but if you typed "novel" as a
descriptor, you would get 57,364 references. This is because novel appears as a
descriptor alongside individual novelists. To limit studies to the novel as a genre, you
would type: NOVEL in GEN. That drops the number down to 4790 (still unmanageable, but
far better than the former number). Again, subfields are superfluous for most searches
but they are useful to have when needed.

COMPARING SILVERPLATTER SEARCHES WITH THOSE ON OTHER DATABASES

Online access to MLAIB is available through WILSONLINE, EPIC, and FIRSTSEARCH. To
compare online access with compact disk access, several searches were executed on
FirstSearch. Here are the results of citations that were limited to the year 1987.

King Lear --- WILSON -- 41
King Lear --- SILVER PLATTER -- 41
King Lear ---
FIRSTSEARCH -- 41

Coleridge --- WILSON -- 52
Coleridge --- SILVER PLATTER -- 52
Coleridge ---
FIRSTSEARCH -- 52

Melville --- WILSON -- 85
Melville --- SILVER PLATTER -- 85
Melville ---
FIRSTSEARCH -- 85

Deconstructionism --- WILSON -- 84
Deconstructionism --- SILVER PLATTER -- 86

Deconstructionism --- FIRSTSEARCH -- 86

Lyric poetry --- WILSON -- 35
Lyric poetry --- SILVER PLATTER -- 45
Lyric
poetry --- FIRSTSEARCH -- 45

With the exception of "deconstructionism" and "lyric poetry," citation retrieval is
identical. An examination was made of the "lyric poetry" citations, to determine why
Silver Platter included 10 references omitted by Wilson. There appeared to be no
commonality among those references.

It is instructive to add a third variable, JOURNAL, to the comparison, as well as a
different index--Humanities Index. The abbreviations below represent: SS (Silver
Platter); WI (Wilson); FS (FirstSearch); HI (Humanities Index).

Studies in Romanticism
WI -- 13
SP -- 13
FS -- 13
HI -- 45

New Literary History
WI -- 39
SP -- 39
FS -- 39
HI -- 37

Shakespeare Quarterly
WI -- 28
SP -- 27
FS -- 27
HI -- 84

PMLA
WI -- 24
SP -- 24
FS -- 24
HI -- 25

Philological Quarterly
WI -- 28
SP -- 28
FS -- 28
HI -- 42

Modern Philology
WI -- 25
SP -- 25
FS -- 25
HI -- 78

Speculum
WI -- 10
SP -- 10
FS -- 10
HI -- 269

ELH
WI -- 40
SP -- 40
FS -- 40
HI -- 40

Michigan Quarterly Review
WI -- 13
SP -- 13
FS -- 13
HI --
108

JEGP
WI -- 16
SP -- 16
FS -- 16
HI -- 174

Early American Literature
WI -- 20
SP -- 20
FS -- 20
HI --
34

Research in African Literatures
WI -- 26
SP -- 26
FS -- 26
HI
-- 101

Between Silver Platter and Wilson only one citation difference occurs--with
Shakespeare Quarterly. The discrepancy between Humanities Index
citations and those of the MLAIB can generally be accounted for by book reviews:
MLAIB does not index them. However, using Philological Quarterly and
Early American Literature as samples, there were citations to these journals
found in MLAIB not found in HI, and vice versa.

COMPARISON OF THE SILVER PLATTER CD WITH THAT OF H. W. WILSON

The number of citations retrieved testing each variable (i.e., journal and subject) were
nearly identical for both databases. There are several features available in the Silver
Platter version that are absent in the Wilson product. Already mentioned, and by far the
most salient, is the thesaurus. By cross-referencing terms, by creating hierarchical
relationships among them, and by allowing users to mark, capture, and explode terms,
Silver Platter has streamlined searching of this database. Unlike Wilson, which has
three search modes, Silver Platter has only one; this simplicity--being able to conduct
both basic and very advanced searches without switching modes--I find attractive.

The Silver Platter and Wilson CDs are updated quarterly. Annual subscriptions are
available from both vendors for $1495.00.

*The compact disks reviewed in this essay covered 1981-June1992.

Proposed Midwinter Discussion on Our Future Status as a Group

Bigger meeting rooms, for more elaborate programs. Money for speakers, and the chance
to reach and influence a wider spectrum of librarians.

These are some of the benefits we would reap by deciding to upgrade our status within
ACRL, from a Discussion Group to a full-fledged Section, a move that's been under
discussion in the steering committee since our crowded Popular Culture meeting last
June. On the negative side of the equation, according to Kathleen Bourdun of the
Association's Chicago headquarters, is the increase in paperwork, bureaucracy, and
committee work that would accompany such a move.

We would like the group to discuss our alternatives at Midwinter, to start defining our
sense of what we collectively want to put into--and get out of---our meetings in the
coming years. Do people feel that the issues we all deal with--from electronic
publishing and shrinking budgets to the changing definitions of what it means to carry
out humanities research--can best be addressed in isolation or in some wider forum? And
ultimately, do we see ourselves as commenting on the way libraries respond to these
developments, or as somehow helping to lead that response?

There are no a priori answers to such questions, since they go to the heart of how we
wish to see our role within the profession, the degree of our involvement, and our
future as a group. The last Discussion Group to make this transition, the Women's
Studies Section, deliberated the change for over a year. All we'd like to in Denver is
to get the discussion started.

So please think about the issue and come to join the debates. To initiate the discussion
early, please write Candace Benefiel at Biblio-Notes or else e-mail William
Gargan (Bitnet: wxgbc@cunyvm) or John Van Hook (Bitnet: vanhook@nervm, Internet
vanhook@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu). --John Van Hook

Midwinter Meeting Discussion Topic: The Quality of Recent Author Bibliographies

Those of you who were present at San Antonio's Midwinter session may recall William
Baker's motion that we discuss the quality of recent reference bibliographies on
literary figures, in hopes of agreeing on criteria that we could eventually recommend to
acquisitions editors at reference-book publishers. John Van Hook offered to moderate the
anticipated half-hour discussion, which has had to be rescheduled for Midwinter,
1993.

To help us all keep our comments concrete, please take a few minutes before then to look
over some of the following examples, which have been proposed by Baker and by William
Gargan. Excerpts from reviews (often ones written by one or another of these two
gentlemen) have been included with each citation.

Fulmer, Constance. George Eliot: A Reference Guide. G.K. Hall, 1977.
More
questionable is the value of the annotations, not only because some items remain
unannotated (and the principle of exclusion is difficult to discern), but that the
annotations are so brief that they give only the haziest notion of the materials
handled and the critical approach. One might quarrel with the adequacy of the
subject indexing, where a single entry might cover several subjects.

Pangallo, Karen. George Eliot: A Reference Guide, 1972-1987. G.K. Hall,
1989.
Indexes are not so useful as one would expect. A better arrangement for
the project would have been chronological organization by subject. The annotations,
provided only for documents written in English, are brief.

Goodman, Michael. William S. Burroughs: A Reference Guide. Garland, 1990.

The new material, along with the description of manuscript collections, should prove
most useful to scholars. As a basic guide, the bibliography is serviceable. The
citation style is inconsistent. The book is further marred by poor proofreading.
Such criticisms cast doubt on a reference work's reliability....

Larson, Kelli. Ernest Hemingway: A Reference Guide, 1974-1989. G.K. Hall,
1990.
Cites not only books and articles directly related to H but also more
general studies containing significant material on the author. The chronological
arrangement allows for an interesting overview of H criticism year by year. However,
it also necessitates a detailed index with multiple access points, something absent
here. There are no headings for women, existentialism, love or death.

Barber, John. Richard Brautigan: An Annotated Bibliography. McFarland,
1990.
The critical bibliography is shamelessly padded, containing references to
tertiary sources ranging from the Academic American Encyclopedia to Who's
Who. Even some dustjacket blurbs are listed under "Reviews."

Some factors for us all to consider might include:
- how adequate is the subject
indexing provided?
- how comprehensive is the coverage? How selective? On what
principles?
- how useful and thoughtful are the annotations?
-how well
chosen and important is the topic?
And el grande,
-are such
compilations made redundant by electronic versions of the MLA
Bibliography?

If any of you have candidates you'd like to add to this list, as either good or bad
examples of the genre, please send them to:

John Van Hook
Library West, University of Florida
Gainesville
32611
904-392-4919
[Vanhook@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu]

CATCHING UP WITH THE TIMES.

The ACRL English and American Literature Discussion Group is trying to update its mailing
list. We hope to make the new membership directory available at the 1993 ALA Annual
Conference in New Orleans. You can help by filling out the following information and
returning this sheet to:

Candace R. Benefiel
Reference Division
Sterling
C. Evans Library
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843-5000

Name:
Address:
Telephone:
FAX:
E-Mail:

Please remove my name from the mailing list.

Biblio-Notes is published biannually by the ACRL English and American Literature
Discussion Group. Article deadlines are October 31 and April 15 each year. Submit
articles to the editor. Editor: Candace R. Benefiel, Humanities Reference Librarian,
Reference Division, Sterling C. Evans Library, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX 77843-5000.