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    Home  AASL  vol3_relationships table

    Factor
    Examples
    Source(s)
    Planning Total community involvement/input in planning Aaron, Cassell, Dwyer, Amey, LTLS, Bauer
    Long-term and short-term planning
    Adequate time to survey, plan, and implement
    Continuous evaluation
    Development of shared vision statement and goals
         

    Involvement of Community Members

    		 General public Kitchens, Cassell, Dwyer, LTLS, Bauer
    Parents
    Public leaders
    Administrators
    Library and teaching staff
         
    Cooperation/Interaction Need to be part of networks (community, library, computer) including interagency articulation Dwyer, LTLS, Bauer
    Need to form collaborative groups to serve different user groups: students and teachers, parents and youth; business and professionals; at-risk and special need groups
    Willingness to share and reach out
         
    Community Vision and Characteristics Community planning for shared vision Kitchens, Amey, Woolard, Jaffe, Haycock
    Community "fit" for combined library (determined by feasibility study) including having either a small population (under 5,000) or population spread over an isolated area
         
    Commitment and Positive Attitudes (of staff, administrators, governing board members, and citizens) Open to change; flexibility Dwyer, LTLS
    Commitment to library’s success
    Interest in users’ needs and preferences
    Commitment to open access and intellectual freedom
         
    Formal Policies/Procedures Clear delineation of fiscal, managerial, legal, personnel issues Aaron, LTLS, Bauer
    Formal process of establishing roles and responsibilities
         
    Funding Adequate funding for school library/public library or commitment to increased taxation Kitchens, Dwyer, Haycock
    Special funding for planning and implementation (ie, LSCA)
    Clear financial arrangements
    Management Local manager is a leader--an effective communicator/networker with clear authority Aaron, Dwyer, Bauer
    Representative board with authority/not only advisory
         
    Facility Visible physical location within school Aaron, Haycock, LTLS
    Convenient location within community
    Large enough to accommodate several types of materials/ different formats/ age groups/ several activities at same time
    Integrated collections
    Attractive to a variety of users
         
    Staffing Improved staffing: Aaron, Jaffe, Amey, Dwyer, LTLS, Haycock
    One chief administrator / strong leadership
    Both school and public library specialists
    Adequate support staff
    Program of volunteers: students, parents, retired citizens
         
    Improved Services/Benefits Improved collection/ ability to build one Aaron, Jaffe, Dwyer, LTLS, Bauer
    More professional staffing
    Marketing
    Customer/user feedback on satisfaction
    Program excellence
         
    Access Accessible to school Dwyer, LTLS
    Accessible to public for many hours (separate entrance)
    Adequate parking
    Unrestricted to all users
    Commitment to intellectual freedom
         
    Communication Formal and informal: electronic, face-to- face, fax, delivery services All

    Table 1. Factors Necessary for Successful Combined Libraries

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    Appendix: List of Combined School/Public Libraries in the United States

    State City/Town Name School Level Source
    AK Chenega Bay Chenega Bay Sch/Comm Library FSCS 1993
    AK Galena Charles Evans Community Library FSCS 1993
    AK Holy Cross Holy Cross Sch/Comm Library FSCS 1993
    AK Sand Point Sand Point Sch/Comm Library FSCS 1993
    AK Cantwell Cantwell Sch/Comm Library FSCS 1993
    AK St. Paul St. Paul Comm/School Library FSCS 1993
    AK Tanana Tanana Community Library FSCS 1993
    AK Tatitlek Tatitlek School Community Library FSCS 1993
    AK Healy Tri-Valley Community Library FSCS 1993
    AK Tuluksak Tuluksak Sch/Comm Library FSCS 1993
    AK Juneau Floyd Dryden Comm. Lib. Unger 1975; Western Council 1992
    AL Guin MCHS Community FSCS 1993
    AZ Buckeye Harquahala School/Maricopa Co.FL Unger 1975
    AZ Glendate Barcelona Library Unger 1975
    AZ Peoria Southwest Indian School Library Unger 1975
    AZ Scottsdale Palomino Branch/Desert Mt. School; 25,000 residents; 1,000 students High school Goldberg1995, 1996; Olson 1996
    AZ Scottsdale Arabian Branch/Municipal Complex with Community Policing Office Elem./Middle Goldberg 1996; Olson 1996
    CA Coleville Coleville High School Branch Lib. High School Unger 1975
    CA Santa Barbara Summerland Library Unger 1975
    CA Chula Vista Eastlake Library/ free-standing branch of Chula Vista City Lib. High school (year-round) Palmer 1995; Oestreich 1994; Olson1996
    CA McKittnick Belridge SchoolDist./Kern Co. Lib. LTLS 1990
    CA Modesto Modesto City Schs/Stanislaus Co. FL 1 High school, 1 Middle school LTLS 1990; Enochs 1991
    CA Ventura Fillmore SchoolDist./LSA Co./Ventura LTLS 1990
    CA Ventura Oak Park School Dist./LSA Co./Ventura LTLS 1990
    CO Cotopaxi Cotopaxi Sch/Comm Library FSCS 1993
    CO Manzanola Manzanola S/PL FSCS 1993
    CO Creede Mineral Co. S/PL FSCS 1993
    CO Cripple Creek South Teller Co. S/PLD FSCS 1993
    CO Englewood Sheridan Co. Library/Sheridan SD High school Unger 1975
    CO Conifer Conifer Library Unger 1975
    CO Ridgway Ridgway School/Community Lib/Pathfinder Lib. Sys. Unger 1975
    CO Fort Lupton Weld Co. School Dist./ Ft. Lupton PL FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990
    FL Pembrooke Pines Broward Co. PL/new Middle School Middle Berry 1996
    FL St. Petersburg Pinellas Co.School/Azalea PL Middle LTLS 1990
    HA Kahuku Kahuku Community School Lib. Unger 1975
    HA Pahala Pahala Community School Lib. Unger 1975
    ID Kuna Kuna School/Community FSCS 1993; Unger 1975
    ID Rockland Rockland School/Community FSCS 1993
    ID Blackfoot Snake River School/Community FSCS 1993
    ID Sugar City Sugar-Salem School/Community FSCS 1993; Unger 1975
    IL Cissna Park Cissna Park Community L.D. All levels in 1 bldg. FSCS 1993
    IL Cowden Dry Point Twp. Lib./Rolling Prairie Lib. System FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990
    IL Herrick Herrick Twp. P.L/ Rolling Prairie FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990
    IL Stonington Stonington Twp. Lib./Rolling Prairie FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990
    IL Lemont Lemont Publ. Lib. Dist. LTLS 1990
    IL Normal School collection in Town PL all levels Malito, 1994
    IL Rosemont Rosemont Elem. School/North Suburban Lib. System Elem. LTLS 1990
    IL Valmeyer Valmeyer Publ. LD/Kaskaskia LS LTLS 1990
    IL Chicago Wendell Smith Br./Chicago PL Unger 1975
    IN Riley Riley Br./Hammond PL Unger 1975
    IN Evansville Harper Br./E-V PL Unger 1975
    IN Greentown Greentown and Eastern Howard S/PL FSCS 1993
    KENT. Louisville Louisville Free PL—Middletown Branch Unger 1975
    KENT Louisville Louisville Free Pl—Okolona Branch Unger 1975
    KENT Louisville Louisville Free Pl—Robert Frost Branch Unger 1975
    KENT Louisville Louisville Free PL Unger 1975
    KS Basehor Basehor Community Library FSCS 1993
    KS Kensington Kensington Community/School Lib. FSCS 1993
    KS Parker Lib. Dist.#1 of Linn Co., Parker FSCS 1993
    KS Allen Lib. Dist.#1, Lyon Co., Allen FSCS 1993
    KS Louisburg Lib. Dist.#1, Miami Co., Louisburg FSCS 1993
    KS LaCygne Lib. Dist.#2, Linn Co., La Cygne FSCS 1993
    KS Linwood Linwood Community Lib. Dist.#1 FSCS 1993
    KS Plains Plains Community Library FSCS 1993
    LA New Orleans M.L.King Elem. School/New Orleans PL Elem. Goldberg, 1996
    ME Portland Portland Public Library—Munjoy Hill Branch Unger 1975
    ME Portland Portland Public Library—Howard C. Reiche Branch Unger 1975
    MA Medford Wellington branch/Osgood School Unger 1975
    MA Watertown West branch/Watertown FPL Unger 1975
    MI Flint Branch/Flint Public Lib. Unger 1975
    MI Grosse Pointe Grosse Pointe Publ. Lib. —Park Branch Unger 1975
    MI Grosse Pointe Grosse Pointe Publ. Lib. —Woods Branch Unger 1975
    MI L'Anse L'Anse Township School & Public Lib. Unger 1975
    MI Munising Munising School/Publ. Library Unger 1975
    MI Roscommon Gerrish-Higgins School/Dist. PL Unger 1975
    MI De Tour Village De Tour Area School & Pub. Lib. Unger 1975
    MN Pipestone Pipestone Community Library High school FSCS 1993
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—Southeast Branch/SE High School High school Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—Blue Valley Branch Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—Central Branch/Central High School High school Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—East Branch Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—Northeast Branch/NE High School High school Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—Southwest Branch/SW High School High school Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—Van Horn Branch/VH High School High school Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO Kansas City Kansas City PL—West Branch Unger 1975; Cherry 1982
    MO St. Louis Gravois Branch/St. Louis PL Unger 1975
    MT Joliet Joliet School/Public Library FSCS 1993
    MT Alberton Alberton Community Lib. LTLS 1990
    MT Marion Marion Community Library LTLS 1990
    MT Opheim Opheim Community Library LTLS 1990
    MT Roundup Roundup Community Library LTLS 1990
    MT Seeley Lake Seeley Lake Community Lib. LTLS 1990
    MT Winnett Winnett Community Lib. LTLS 1990
    NE Amergosa Valley LTLS 1990
    NE ce= "Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"size="-1">Beatty LTLS 1990
    NE Fish Lake Valley LTLS 1990
    NE Gabbs LTLS 1990
    NE Gerlach LTLS 1990
    NE Goldfield LTLS 1990
    NE Silver Peak LTLS 1990
    NE Virginia City LTLS 1990
    NE Reno/Washoe Co. Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co.Lib. Gerlach High school Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994; Goldberg 1996
    NE Reno/Washoe Co. Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co. Lib. Galena High school Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994
    NE Reno/Washoe Co. Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co. Lib. Traner Duncan Middle school Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994
    NE Reno/Washoe Co. Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co. Lib. Elem. Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994
    NH Bartlett Bartlett Public Library FSCS 1993
    NH Pittsburg Bremer Pond Memorial Lib. FSCS 1993
    NH Campton Campton Public Lib. FSCS 1993
    NH Milton Nute Library FSCS 1993
    NH Thornton Thornton Public Library FSCS 1993
    NJ Delanco School/township library Miller, 1991
    NJ Newark Newark Public Library—Dayton School Branch Unger 1975
    NJ Newark Newark Public Library—Mt. Vernon School Br. Unger 1975
    NJ Woodbridge Hopelawn branch/Woodbridge PL/School No. 10 Unger 1975
    NJ Atlantic City Atlantic City PL—New Jersey Avenue School Branch Unger 1975
    NJ Atlantic City Atlantic City PL—Richmond Ave. School Branch Unger 1975
    NJ Passaic Passaic PL/No. 10 School Branch Unger 1975
    NJ Woodlynne Woodlynne PL/Woodlynne School Unger 1975
    NJ Garwood Garwood PL/Lincoln School Unger 1975
    NY Albany Albany PL/ New Scotland Br. Unger 1975
    NY Newburgh West Street Br./Newburgh Free Lib/West St. School Unger 1975
    NY Highland Mills Woodbury Public Library/Rushmore Br. FSCS 1993
    ND Cannonball Standing Rock Tribal Lib./Cannonball Br. Unger 1975
    ND Fort Yates Cannonball Br./Standing Rock Tribal Lib. Unger 1975
    ND Killdeer Killdeer Log Cabin PL FSCS 1993
    ND Oakes Oakes School & Public Lib. FSCS 1993
    ND Velva Velva School & Public Lib. FSCS 1993
    OH Attica Seneca East Local School Lib. Unger 1975
    OH Dola Hardin Northern PL Unger 1975
    OR Dufur Dufur School-Com. Library FSCS 1993
    OR Ukiah Ukiah Public Library FSCS 1993
    PA East Lansdowne Jaffe 1982
    PA Harmonsburg Jaffe 1982
    PA Jersey Shore Jaffe 1982
    PA Leechburg Jaffe 1982
    PA Linesville Jaffe 1982
    PA Millersburg Jaffe 1982
    PA Pennsburg Jaffe 1982
    PA Perryopolis Jaffe 1982
    PA Royersford Jaffe 1982
    PA Kane Kane Publ. and School Lib.
    (2 libs.)    		 Unger 1975; Jaffe 1982
    SC Beaufort Co. (Rural area) Elem. Olson 1996
    SC Beufort Co./St.Helena's Island (on an island) Elem. Olson 1996
    SD Bull Head Standing Rock Tribal Library—Bull Head Branch Unger 1975
    SD Little Eagle Standing Rock Tribal Lib. —Little Eagle Branch Unger 1975
    SD Wessington Wessington PL Unger 1975
    SD Elkton Elkton Community Library FSCS 1993; Western 1992
    SD Menno Menno Community/School Lib. FSCS 1993
    SD Selby Selby Community/School Lib. FSCS 1993
    TX Orange Grove Orange Grove Library Unger 1975
    TX Celina Celina Community Library FSCS 1993
    TX Earth Springlake-Earth Community Lib. FSCS 1993; Wells 1994
    TX Olney Olney Community Lib. and Arts Center Wells 1994; Unger 1975
    TX Jacksboro Wells 1994
    TX Houston Carnegie Branch Lib. High school, Middle/Comm. Coll. LTLS 1990
    TX Howe Howe Community Lib./Howe School Dist. All levels? Wells 1994; LTLS 1990
    TX Midlothian Meadows Library Wells 1994; LTLS 1990
    TX Lake Travis Wells 1994
    TX Dripping Springs Wells 1994
    TX Dell City Wells 1994
    TX Fort Hancock Wells 1994
    TX Wellington Wells 1994
    TX Booker Wells 1994
    TX Mabank Tri County Lib. Family Resource Center FSCS 1993
    VT Fairfield Bent Northrup Memorial FSCS 1993
    VT Bridgewater Bridgewater Community FSCS. 1993
    VT Proctorsville Cavendish Fletcher Community FSCS 1993
    VT Charlotte Charlotte Community FSCS 1993
    VT Chittenden Chittenden Public FSCS 1993
    VT Fairfax Fairfax Community FSCS 1993
    VT Wolcott Glee Merritt Kelley Comm. FSCS 1993
    VT New Haven New Haven Community FSCS 1993
    VT Readsboro Readsboro Community FSCS 1993
    VT S. Burlington South Burlington Community FSCS 1993
    VT South Hero South Hero Community FSCS 1993
    VT Stamford Stamford community FSCS 1993
    WA Newport Selkirk SD/Pend Oreille Co. Lib. Distr. LTLS 1990
    WI Bloomer Bloomer PL Unger 1975
    WI Laona Edith Evans PL High school/elem. FSCS 1993; Wisc. 1994
    WI Florence Florence County Library High school/elem. FSCS 1993
    WI Kohler Kohler Public Library High school FSCS 1993
    WI Birnamwood Birnamwood Sch/Shawano City/County Lib/Nicolet LS. Elem. Wisc. 1994
    WI Washington Island/Door Co. Washington Island School /Door Co. PL (2 bldgs.) Elem./Same campus Wisc. 1994
    Note: This list was compiled from the sources listed at the end of the table. It is assumed that the combination existed at the time of the source noted in the last column. No attempt was made to verify if each one still exists.

    Sources for Appendix

    Berry, John. 1996. Broward County library (Gale Research/Library Journal Library of the Year 1996). Library Journal 121: 28-31.

    Cherry, Susan S. 1982. Public library branches in schools: The Kansas City experience. American Libraries 13: 24-28.

    Enochs, James C. 1991. Booking the future. CMLEA Journal 14: 33-36.

    FSCS. 1993. Federal-State Cooperative System. Public Library Data, 1993. Unpublished report.

    Goldberg, Beverly. 1995. Scottsdale PL branch boom built on school partnership. American Libraries: 871-872.

    ———. 1996. Public libraries go back to school. American Libraries 27: 54-5.

    ———. 1996. Palm Beach official embraces joint-use trend. American Libraries 27: 12-13.

    Jaffe, Laurence L. 1982. The combined school public library in Pennsylvania. Ph.D. diss., University of Pittsburgh.

    Kinsey, Sally, and Sharon Honig-Bear. 1994. Joint-use libraries: More bang for your bucks. Wilson Library Bulletin 69: 37-40.

    LTLS. 1990. Lincoln Trail Libraries System. School/public library cooperation: Library service in a single community location: Final narrative report. Champaign, IL: Lincoln Trail Libraries System.

    Malito, Robert T. 1994. Intergovernmental partnership: A town school library. The Clearinghouse 68,1: 30.

    Miller, Joseph H. 1991. New library serves school and community. New Jersey Libraries 24, 4:26-29.

    Oestreich, Diane. 1994. Public library-school library cooperation. CMLEA Journal 18: 15-17.

    Olson Renee. 1996. 2 in 1: Designing a combined library that works for everybody. School Library Journal 42: 24-27.

    Palmer, David. 1995. Eastlake library: A school/public library cooperative project. California Libraries 5(6): 2.

    Unger, Carol P. 1977. The school-housed library revisited. Master of Arts thesis, University of Chicago.

    Wells, Mary Kay. 1994. Combined libraries to serve the entire community. Texas Library Journal 70: 100-4.

    Western Council of State Libraries Workshop. 1992. School/public library cooperation. Colorado Springs, CO: Western Council of State Libraries.

    Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. 1994. Combined school and public libraries: Guidelines for decision making. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Dept. of Public Instruction.

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