|
Factor
|
Examples
|
Source(s)
|
| Planning | Total community involvement/input in planning | Aaron, Cassell, Dwyer, Amey, LTLS, Bauer |
| Long-term and short-term planning | ||
| Adequate time to survey, plan, and implement | ||
| Continuous evaluation | ||
| Development of shared vision statement and goals | ||
|
Involvement of Community Members |
General public | Kitchens, Cassell, Dwyer, LTLS, Bauer |
| Parents | ||
| Public leaders | ||
| Administrators | ||
| Library and teaching staff | ||
| Cooperation/Interaction | Need to be part of networks (community, library, computer) including interagency articulation | Dwyer, LTLS, Bauer |
| Need to form collaborative groups to serve different user groups: students and teachers, parents and youth; business and professionals; at-risk and special need groups | ||
| Willingness to share and reach out | ||
| Community Vision and Characteristics | Community planning for shared vision | Kitchens, Amey, Woolard, Jaffe, Haycock |
| Community "fit" for combined library (determined by feasibility study) including having either a small population (under 5,000) or population spread over an isolated area | ||
| Commitment and Positive Attitudes (of staff, administrators, governing board members, and citizens) | Open to change; flexibility | Dwyer, LTLS |
| Commitment to library’s success | ||
| Interest in users’ needs and preferences | ||
| Commitment to open access and intellectual freedom | ||
| Formal Policies/Procedures | Clear delineation of fiscal, managerial, legal, personnel issues | Aaron, LTLS, Bauer |
| Formal process of establishing roles and responsibilities | ||
| Funding | Adequate funding for school library/public library or commitment to increased taxation | Kitchens, Dwyer, Haycock |
| Special funding for planning and implementation (ie, LSCA) | ||
| Clear financial arrangements | ||
| Management | Local manager is a leader--an effective communicator/networker with clear authority | Aaron, Dwyer, Bauer |
| Representative board with authority/not only advisory | ||
| Facility | Visible physical location within school | Aaron, Haycock, LTLS |
| Convenient location within community | ||
| Large enough to accommodate several types of materials/ different formats/ age groups/ several activities at same time | ||
| Integrated collections | ||
| Attractive to a variety of users | ||
| Staffing | Improved staffing: | Aaron, Jaffe, Amey, Dwyer, LTLS, Haycock |
| One chief administrator / strong leadership | ||
| Both school and public library specialists | ||
| Adequate support staff | ||
| Program of volunteers: students, parents, retired citizens | ||
| Improved Services/Benefits | Improved collection/ ability to build one | Aaron, Jaffe, Dwyer, LTLS, Bauer |
| More professional staffing | ||
| Marketing | ||
| Customer/user feedback on satisfaction | ||
| Program excellence | ||
| Access | Accessible to school | Dwyer, LTLS |
| Accessible to public for many hours (separate entrance) | ||
| Adequate parking | ||
| Unrestricted to all users | ||
| Commitment to intellectual freedom | ||
| Communication | Formal and informal: electronic, face-to- face, fax, delivery services | All |
Table 1. Factors Necessary for Successful Combined Libraries
Appendix: List of Combined School/Public Libraries in the United States
| State | City/Town | Name | School Level | Source |
| AK | Chenega Bay | Chenega Bay Sch/Comm Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Galena | Charles Evans Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Holy Cross | Holy Cross Sch/Comm Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Sand Point | Sand Point Sch/Comm Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Cantwell | Cantwell Sch/Comm Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | St. Paul | St. Paul Comm/School Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Tanana | Tanana Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Tatitlek | Tatitlek School Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Healy | Tri-Valley Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Tuluksak | Tuluksak Sch/Comm Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| AK | Juneau | Floyd Dryden Comm. Lib. | Unger 1975; Western Council 1992 | |
| AL | Guin | MCHS Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| AZ | Buckeye | Harquahala School/Maricopa Co.FL | Unger 1975 | |
| AZ | Glendate | Barcelona Library | Unger 1975 | |
| AZ | Peoria | Southwest Indian School Library | Unger 1975 | |
| AZ | Scottsdale | Palomino Branch/Desert Mt. School; 25,000 residents; 1,000 students | High school | Goldberg1995, 1996; Olson 1996 |
| AZ | Scottsdale | Arabian Branch/Municipal Complex with Community Policing Office | Elem./Middle | Goldberg 1996; Olson 1996 |
| CA | Coleville | Coleville High School Branch Lib. | High School | Unger 1975 |
| CA | Santa Barbara | Summerland Library | Unger 1975 | |
| CA | Chula Vista | Eastlake Library/ free-standing branch of Chula Vista City Lib. | High school (year-round) | Palmer 1995; Oestreich 1994; Olson1996 |
| CA | McKittnick | Belridge SchoolDist./Kern Co. Lib. | LTLS 1990 | |
| CA | Modesto | Modesto City Schs/Stanislaus Co. FL | 1 High school, 1 Middle school | LTLS 1990; Enochs 1991 |
| CA | Ventura | Fillmore SchoolDist./LSA Co./Ventura | LTLS 1990 | |
| CA | Ventura | Oak Park School Dist./LSA Co./Ventura | LTLS 1990 | |
| CO | Cotopaxi | Cotopaxi Sch/Comm Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| CO | Manzanola | Manzanola S/PL | FSCS 1993 | |
| CO | Creede | Mineral Co. S/PL | FSCS 1993 | |
| CO | Cripple Creek | South Teller Co. S/PLD | FSCS 1993 | |
| CO | Englewood | Sheridan Co. Library/Sheridan SD | High school | Unger 1975 |
| CO | Conifer | Conifer Library | Unger 1975 | |
| CO | Ridgway | Ridgway School/Community Lib/Pathfinder Lib. Sys. | Unger 1975 | |
| CO | Fort Lupton | Weld Co. School Dist./ Ft. Lupton PL | FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990 | |
| FL | Pembrooke Pines | Broward Co. PL/new Middle School | Middle | Berry 1996 |
| FL | St. Petersburg | Pinellas Co.School/Azalea PL | Middle | LTLS 1990 |
| HA | Kahuku | Kahuku Community School Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| HA | Pahala | Pahala Community School Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| ID | Kuna | Kuna School/Community | FSCS 1993; Unger 1975 | |
| ID | Rockland | Rockland School/Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| ID | Blackfoot | Snake River School/Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| ID | Sugar City | Sugar-Salem School/Community | FSCS 1993; Unger 1975 | |
| IL | Cissna Park | Cissna Park Community L.D. | All levels in 1 bldg. | FSCS 1993 |
| IL | Cowden | Dry Point Twp. Lib./Rolling Prairie Lib. System | FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990 | |
| IL | Herrick | Herrick Twp. P.L/ Rolling Prairie | FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990 | |
| IL | Stonington | Stonington Twp. Lib./Rolling Prairie | FSCS 1993; LTLS 1990 | |
| IL | Lemont | Lemont Publ. Lib. Dist. | LTLS 1990 | |
| IL | Normal | School collection in Town PL | all levels | Malito, 1994 |
| IL | Rosemont | Rosemont Elem. School/North Suburban Lib. System Elem. | LTLS 1990 | |
| IL | Valmeyer | Valmeyer Publ. LD/Kaskaskia LS | LTLS 1990 | |
| IL | Chicago | Wendell Smith Br./Chicago PL | Unger 1975 | |
| IN | Riley | Riley Br./Hammond PL | Unger 1975 | |
| IN | Evansville | Harper Br./E-V PL | Unger 1975 | |
| IN | Greentown | Greentown and Eastern Howard S/PL | FSCS 1993 | |
| KENT. | Louisville | Louisville Free PL—Middletown Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| KENT | Louisville | Louisville Free Pl—Okolona Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| KENT | Louisville | Louisville Free Pl—Robert Frost Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| KENT | Louisville | Louisville Free PL | Unger 1975 | |
| KS | Basehor | Basehor Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | Kensington | Kensington Community/School Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | Parker | Lib. Dist.#1 of Linn Co., Parker | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | Allen | Lib. Dist.#1, Lyon Co., Allen | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | Louisburg | Lib. Dist.#1, Miami Co., Louisburg | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | LaCygne | Lib. Dist.#2, Linn Co., La Cygne | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | Linwood | Linwood Community Lib. Dist.#1 | FSCS 1993 | |
| KS | Plains | Plains Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| LA | New Orleans | M.L.King Elem. School/New Orleans PL | Elem. | Goldberg, 1996 |
| ME | Portland | Portland Public Library—Munjoy Hill Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| ME | Portland | Portland Public Library—Howard C. Reiche Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| MA | Medford | Wellington branch/Osgood School | Unger 1975 | |
| MA | Watertown | West branch/Watertown FPL | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | Flint | Branch/Flint Public Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | Grosse Pointe | Grosse Pointe Publ. Lib. —Park Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | Grosse Pointe | Grosse Pointe Publ. Lib. —Woods Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | L'Anse | L'Anse Township School & Public Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | Munising | Munising School/Publ. Library | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | Roscommon | Gerrish-Higgins School/Dist. PL | Unger 1975 | |
| MI | De Tour Village | De Tour Area School & Pub. Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| MN | Pipestone | Pipestone Community Library | High school | FSCS 1993 |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—Southeast Branch/SE High School | High school | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—Blue Valley Branch | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 | |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—Central Branch/Central High School | High school | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—East Branch | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 | |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—Northeast Branch/NE High School | High school | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—Southwest Branch/SW High School | High school | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—Van Horn Branch/VH High School | High school | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 |
| MO | Kansas City | Kansas City PL—West Branch | Unger 1975; Cherry 1982 | |
| MO | St. Louis | Gravois Branch/St. Louis PL | Unger 1975 | |
| MT | Joliet | Joliet School/Public Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| MT | Alberton | Alberton Community Lib. | LTLS 1990 | |
| MT | Marion | Marion Community Library | LTLS 1990 | |
| MT | Opheim | Opheim Community Library | LTLS 1990 | |
| MT | Roundup | Roundup Community Library | LTLS 1990 | |
| MT | Seeley Lake | Seeley Lake Community Lib. | LTLS 1990 | |
| MT | Winnett | Winnett Community Lib. | LTLS 1990 | |
| NE | Amergosa Valley | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | ce= "Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"size="-1">Beatty | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Fish Lake Valley | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Gabbs | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Gerlach | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Goldfield | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Silver Peak | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Virginia City | LTLS 1990 | ||
| NE | Reno/Washoe Co. | Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co.Lib. | Gerlach High school | Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994; Goldberg 1996 |
| NE | Reno/Washoe Co. | Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co. Lib. | Galena High school | Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994 |
| NE | Reno/Washoe Co. | Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co. Lib. | Traner Duncan Middle school | Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994 |
| NE | Reno/Washoe Co. | Washoe Co. SD/Washoe Co. Lib. | Elem. | Kinsey and Honig-Bear 1994 |
| NH | Bartlett | Bartlett Public Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| NH | Pittsburg | Bremer Pond Memorial Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| NH | Campton | Campton Public Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| NH | Milton | Nute Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| NH | Thornton | Thornton Public Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| NJ | Delanco | School/township library | Miller, 1991 | |
| NJ | Newark | Newark Public Library—Dayton School Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Newark | Newark Public Library—Mt. Vernon School Br. | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Woodbridge | Hopelawn branch/Woodbridge PL/School No. 10 | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Atlantic City | Atlantic City PL—New Jersey Avenue School Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Atlantic City | Atlantic City PL—Richmond Ave. School Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Passaic | Passaic PL/No. 10 School Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Woodlynne | Woodlynne PL/Woodlynne School | Unger 1975 | |
| NJ | Garwood | Garwood PL/Lincoln School | Unger 1975 | |
| NY | Albany | Albany PL/ New Scotland Br. | Unger 1975 | |
| NY | Newburgh | West Street Br./Newburgh Free Lib/West St. School | Unger 1975 | |
| NY | Highland Mills | Woodbury Public Library/Rushmore Br. | FSCS 1993 | |
| ND | Cannonball | Standing Rock Tribal Lib./Cannonball Br. | Unger 1975 | |
| ND | Fort Yates | Cannonball Br./Standing Rock Tribal Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| ND | Killdeer | Killdeer Log Cabin PL | FSCS 1993 | |
| ND | Oakes | Oakes School & Public Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| ND | Velva | Velva School & Public Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| OH | Attica | Seneca East Local School Lib. | Unger 1975 | |
| OH | Dola | Hardin Northern PL | Unger 1975 | |
| OR | Dufur | Dufur School-Com. Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| OR | Ukiah | Ukiah Public Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| PA | East Lansdowne | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Harmonsburg | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Jersey Shore | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Leechburg | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Linesville | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Millersburg | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Pennsburg | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Perryopolis | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Royersford | Jaffe 1982 | ||
| PA | Kane | Kane Publ. and School Lib. (2 libs.) |
Unger 1975; Jaffe 1982 | |
| SC | Beaufort Co. | (Rural area) | Elem. | Olson 1996 |
| SC | Beufort Co./St.Helena's Island | (on an island) | Elem. | Olson 1996 |
| SD | Bull Head | Standing Rock Tribal Library—Bull Head Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| SD | Little Eagle | Standing Rock Tribal Lib. —Little Eagle Branch | Unger 1975 | |
| SD | Wessington | Wessington PL | Unger 1975 | |
| SD | Elkton | Elkton Community Library | FSCS 1993; Western 1992 | |
| SD | Menno | Menno Community/School Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| SD | Selby | Selby Community/School Lib. | FSCS 1993 | |
| TX | Orange Grove | Orange Grove Library | Unger 1975 | |
| TX | Celina | Celina Community Library | FSCS 1993 | |
| TX | Earth | Springlake-Earth Community Lib. | FSCS 1993; Wells 1994 | |
| TX | Olney | Olney Community Lib. and Arts Center | Wells 1994; Unger 1975 | |
| TX | Jacksboro | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Houston | Carnegie Branch Lib. | High school, Middle/Comm. Coll. | LTLS 1990 |
| TX | Howe | Howe Community Lib./Howe School Dist. | All levels? | Wells 1994; LTLS 1990 |
| TX | Midlothian | Meadows Library | Wells 1994; LTLS 1990 | |
| TX | Lake Travis | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Dripping Springs | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Dell City | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Fort Hancock | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Wellington | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Booker | Wells 1994 | ||
| TX | Mabank | Tri County Lib. Family Resource Center | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Fairfield | Bent Northrup Memorial | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Bridgewater | Bridgewater Community | FSCS. 1993 | |
| VT | Proctorsville | Cavendish Fletcher Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Charlotte | Charlotte Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Chittenden | Chittenden Public | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Fairfax | Fairfax Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Wolcott | Glee Merritt Kelley Comm. | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | New Haven | New Haven Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Readsboro | Readsboro Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | S. Burlington | South Burlington Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | South Hero | South Hero Community | FSCS 1993 | |
| VT | Stamford | Stamford community | FSCS 1993 | |
| WA | Newport | Selkirk SD/Pend Oreille Co. Lib. Distr. | LTLS 1990 | |
| WI | Bloomer | Bloomer PL | Unger 1975 | |
| WI | Laona | Edith Evans PL | High school/elem. | FSCS 1993; Wisc. 1994 |
| WI | Florence | Florence County Library | High school/elem. | FSCS 1993 |
| WI | Kohler | Kohler Public Library | High school | FSCS 1993 |
| WI | Birnamwood | Birnamwood Sch/Shawano City/County Lib/Nicolet LS. | Elem. | Wisc. 1994 |
| WI | Washington Island/Door Co. | Washington Island School /Door Co. PL (2 bldgs.) | Elem./Same campus | Wisc. 1994 |
Sources for Appendix
Berry, John. 1996. Broward County library (Gale Research/Library Journal Library of the Year 1996). Library Journal 121: 28-31.
Cherry, Susan S. 1982. Public library branches in schools: The Kansas City experience. American Libraries 13: 24-28.
Enochs, James C. 1991. Booking the future. CMLEA Journal 14: 33-36.
FSCS. 1993. Federal-State Cooperative System. Public Library Data, 1993. Unpublished report.
Goldberg, Beverly. 1995. Scottsdale PL branch boom built on school partnership. American Libraries: 871-872.
———. 1996. Public libraries go back to school. American Libraries 27: 54-5.
———. 1996. Palm Beach official embraces joint-use trend. American Libraries 27: 12-13.
Jaffe, Laurence L. 1982. The combined school public library in Pennsylvania. Ph.D. diss., University of Pittsburgh.
Kinsey, Sally, and Sharon Honig-Bear. 1994. Joint-use libraries: More bang for your bucks. Wilson Library Bulletin 69: 37-40.
LTLS. 1990. Lincoln Trail Libraries System. School/public library cooperation: Library service in a single community location: Final narrative report. Champaign, IL: Lincoln Trail Libraries System.
Malito, Robert T. 1994. Intergovernmental partnership: A town school library. The Clearinghouse 68,1: 30.
Miller, Joseph H. 1991. New library serves school and community. New Jersey Libraries 24, 4:26-29.
Oestreich, Diane. 1994. Public library-school library cooperation. CMLEA Journal 18: 15-17.
Olson Renee. 1996. 2 in 1: Designing a combined library that works for everybody. School Library Journal 42: 24-27.
Palmer, David. 1995. Eastlake library: A school/public library cooperative project. California Libraries 5(6): 2.
Unger, Carol P. 1977. The school-housed library revisited. Master of Arts thesis, University of Chicago.
Wells, Mary Kay. 1994. Combined libraries to serve the entire community. Texas Library Journal 70: 100-4.
Western Council of State Libraries Workshop. 1992. School/public library cooperation. Colorado Springs, CO: Western Council of State Libraries.
Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. 1994. Combined school and public libraries: Guidelines for decision making. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Dept. of Public Instruction.