Table 1. The Eleven Reliable Scales from the In-Depth Survey Instrument

   

Scale Name

Items Included

Scale description

Reliability
(Alpha)

SLMS

Teachers

Students

Information Literacy—Finding Information

6 items:
1, 2, 4–7

Measure of the perceived importance SLMSs place on teaching students skills related to finding information from the perspective of SLMSs, students, and teachers.

0.796

0.820

0.881

Information Literacy—Using Information

8 items:
8–15

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on teaching students skills related to using information, from the perspective of SLMSs, students, and teachers.

0.858

0.899

0.909

Information Literacy—Evaluating Information

6 items:
16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on teaching students skills related to evaluating information, from the perspective of SLMSs, students, and teachers.

0.825

0.877

0.888

Technology Use

6 items:
25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on teaching skills involving the use of computer, from the perspective of SLMSs, students, and teachers.

0.849

0.862

0.866

Respect for Diversity

4 items:
32–35

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on teaching students respect for diversity, from the perspective of SLMSs, students, and teachers.

0.602

0.806

0.834

Collaboration

7 items:
37, 39–44  on SLMS &
Teacher instruments

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on collaborating with other teachers, from the perspective of SLMSs and teachers.

0.875

0.848

 N/A

Professional Development

3 items:
47–49 on SLMS & Teacher Instruments

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on being a leader within the school community, from the perspective of SLMSs and teachers.

0.744

0.870

 N/A

Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

4 items:
72–75 on SLMS instrument only

Measure of the degree to which SLMSs are involved in creating and using IEPs for students with disabilities, from the perspective of SLMSs.

0.880

N/A 

N/A 

Assistive Technology

3 items:
76–78 on sLMS instrument only

Measure of the level of responsibility SLMSs have for selecting and maintaining assistive technology for students with disabilities, from the perspective of SLMSs.

0.803

 N/A

 N/A

Inclusion & Collection Development

3 items:
82–84 on SLMS instrument only

Measure of the importance SLMSs place on selecting materials for their collection that address the needs of students with disabilities, from the perspective of SLMSs.

0.775

 N/A

 N/A

Learning Climate

6 items: 37–42 on Student instrument

Adaptation of Deci's Learning Climate Questionnaire (short form), measure of students’ perception of the supportiveness of the learning climate in their school library, from students’ perspective

 N/A

N/A 

0.896

   

Figure 1. The Eleven Survey Scales and Examples of Items for Each Respondent Group for Each Scale

Scale

Sample Items

Information Literacy—Finding Information

I teach students the skills needed to find information using multiple sources. (SLMS)
The SLMS teaches my students the skills needed to find information using multiple sources. (Teacher)
My SLMS helps me learn how to find the information I need to complete assignments or class projects. (Student)

Information Literacy—Using Information

I teach students how to select appropriate information for solving their problem or answering their question. (SLMS)
The SLMS teaches my students how to select appropriate information for solving their problem or answering their question. (Teacher)
My SLMS helps me learn how to select just the right information that I need to solve my problem or answer my question. (Student)

Information Literacy—Evaluating Information

I teach students how to evaluate the information they find. (SLMS)
The SLMS teaches my students how to evaluate the information they find. (Teacher)
My SLMS helps me understand whether the information I find is the best information available. (Student)

Technology Use

I teach students to know when the use of computers is appropriate. (SLMS)
The SLMS teaches my students the appropriate use of computers. (Teacher)
My SLMS helps me learn when it is appropriate to use computers for my assignments or projects. (Student)

Respect for Diversity

I encourage students to respect the ideas of others. (SLMS)
The SLMS encourages my students to respect other people’s ideas. (Teacher)
My SLMS helps me learn to respect the ideas of others. (Student)               

Collaboration

I collaborate with teachers in my school to identify connections across student information needs, curricular content, and learning outcomes. (SLMS)
The SLMS collaborates with teachers in my school to help identify connections across student information needs, curricular content, and learning outcomes. (Teacher)

Professional Development

I regularly update my professional knowledge and skills to better serve my school community. (SLMS)
The SLMS regularly updates his or her professional knowledge and skills to better serve our school community. (Teacher)

Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

I regularly review the IEPs of the students to whom I am providing instruction. (SLMS)

Assistive Technology

I collaborate with special educators to select assistive technologies (e.g., screen readers, speech recognition systems, etc.) for students with disabilities to use in the SLMC. (SLMS)

Inclusion & Collection Development

I make a point of choosing materials for the collection that address the learning needs of students with disabilities. (SLMS)

Learning Climate

I feel that my SLMS provides me choices and options. (Student)

   

Table 2. Characteristics of the Sample, by Group and Building Level

 

Total

Elementary

Secondary

Mixed
(e.g., K–12, ES/MS)

Unspecified/
Other

SLMSs

47

19
(42.5%)

25
(22.4%)

3
(6.4%)

0
(0.0%)

Teachers

134

30
(22.4%)

99
(73.9%)

5
(3.7%)

0
(0.0%)

Students

1153

489
(42.4%)

660
(57.2%)

0
(0.0%)

4
(0.4%)

   

Table 3. Student Sample by Grade Level

5th grade

489 (42%)

8th grade

264 (23%)

11th grade

396 (34%)

Unspecified

4 (1%)

Total

1,153 (100%)

   

Table 4. Participating Schools by New York State Region

Region

Schools

Chautauqua-Allegheny

0

Niagara

3

Finger Lakes

13

Thousand Islands

4

Adirondacks

2

Central Leatherstocking

4

Saratoga-Capital

2

Catskills

1

Hudson Valley

4

Long Island

2

New York City

12

   

Table 5. Characteristics of Schools in Sample, by N/RC*

N/RC

Schools in New York State*

Schools in Sample

1—High/New York City (5 boroughs)

1,225
(28.6%)

9
( 19.6%)

2—High/Other Large Cities
(Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Yonkers)

206
(4.8%)

3
( 6.5%)

3—High/Other Urban & Suburban

357
( 8.3%)

3
( 6.5%)

4—High/Rural

414
( 9.7%)

6
( 13.0%)

5—Average

1,447
( 33.8%)

20
( 41.3%)

6—Low

628
( 14.7%)

6
(13.0%)

* Source: www.emsc.nysed.gov/repcrd2004/information/similar-schools/guide.shtml

   

Table 6.  Score Means and Standard Deviations (SD) Presented by Groups (1 = low; 5 = high)

 

 

SLMSs

Teachers

Students

 

 

All

Elem.

Sec.

All

Elem.

Sec.

All

Elem.

Sec.
N  

47

19

25

134

30

99

1,151

488

660

Information Literacy—
Finding Information

Mean

4.33

4.35

4.37

4.40

4.40

4.40

3.95

4.20

3.76

SD

0.44

0.50

0.39

0.73

0.65

0.77

1.06

0.76

1.20

Information Literacy—
Using Information

Mean

3.96

4.16

3.86

3.62

3.63

3.61

3.09

3.46

2.81

SD

0.58

0.67

0.45

1.20

1.34

1.17

1.28

1.09

1.35

Information Literacy—
Evaluating Information

Mean

4.00

3.99

4.01

3.42

3.36

3.42

3.29

3.71

2.98

SD

0.56

0.75

0.41

1.38

1.50

1.33

1.31

1.03

1.40

Technology Use

Mean

4.28

4.15

4.39

3.95

3.54

4.05

3.18

3.31

3.08

SD

0.69

0.92

0.49

1.12

1.39

1.02

1.30

1.10

1.43

Respect for Diversity

Mean

4.57

4.45

4.66

4.16

4.38

4.05

3.61

3.91

3.38

SD

0.59

0.71

0.51

1.23

0.90

1.32

1.34

1.07

1.46

Collaboration

Mean

3.95

3.95

3.97

3.59

3.56

3.60

 

 

 

SD

0.63

0.73

0.59

1.12

1.18

1.14

 

 

 

Professional Development

Mean

4.35

4.31

4.41

4.18

3.92

4.23

 

 

 

SD

0.45

0.54

0.39

1.23

1.47

1.16

 

 

 

Individualized Education Program (IEPs)

Mean

2.89

3.64

2.32

 

 

 

 

 

 

SD

1.26

1.04

1.11

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assistive Technology

Mean

1.78

1.84

1.73

 

 

 

 

 

 

SD

1.12

1.15

1.12

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inclusion & Collection Development

Mean

3.87

3.95

3.81

 

 

 

 

 

 

SD

0.86

0.89

0.85

 

 

 

 

 

 

Learning Climate

Mean

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.54

3.90

3.27

SD

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.33

1.01

1.47

   

Table 7. Results of ANOVAs Comparing Scale Means across Three Groups on the Information Literacy, Technology Use, and Respect for Diversity Scales

Scale name

Main effect results

95% confidence intervals for pairwise differences

Information Literacy—Finding Information

F(2, 1333) = 14.44,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.02

  

Teachers
Mean = 4.43

Students
Mean = 3.95

SLMSs
Mean = 4.33

N.S.

.2112 to .5562

Teachers
Mean = 4.43

–

.2885 to .6233

Information Literacy—Using Information

F(2, 1334) = 20.53,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.03

  

Teachers
Mean = 3.62

Students
Mean = 3.09

SLMSs
Mean = 3.96

.0175 to .6583

.6522 to 1.0988

Teachers
Mean = 3.62

–

.2758 to .7995

Information Literacy—Evaluating Information

F(2, 1332 )= 7.23,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.01

  

Teachers
Mean = 4.00

Students
Mean = 3.29

SLMSs
Mean= 4.00

.2386 to .9276

.4969 to .9322

Teachers
Mean = 3.42

–

N.S.

Technology Use

F(2, 1334) = 36.73,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.05

  

Teachers
Mean = 3.95

Students
Mean = 3.18

SLMSs
Mean = 4.28

.0035 to .6713

.8455 to 1.3643

Teachers
Mean= 3.95

–

.5217 to 1.0132

Respect for Diversity

F(2, 1332) = 21.83,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.03

  

Teachers
Mean = 4.16

Students
Mean = 3.61

SLMSs
Mean = 4.57

N.S.

.7431 to 1.1990

Teachers
Mean = 4.16

–

.2887 to .8254

   

Table 8. Results of ANOVAs Comparing Scale Means across SLMS and Classroom Teacher Groups on the Collaboration and Professional Development Scales

Scale name Main effect results 95% confidence intervals for differences
Collaboration F(1, 181) = 4.64,
p < 0.05,
partial h2 = 0.02		   Teachers
Mean = 4.18
SLMSs
Mean = 3.95		 0.024 to 0.706
Professional Development F(1, 181) = 0.851,
N.S.,
partial h2 = 0.005		   Teachers
Mean = 3.59
SLMSs
Mean = 4.35		 N.S.

   

Table 9. Means and Standard Deviations (SD) for Student Scores on Scales across Grade Levels (1 = low; 5 = high)

 

Mean

SD

N

Info Lit Finding

5th

4.20

0.77

488

8th

3.94

0.98

264

11th

3.64

1.31

396

Info Lit Using

5th

3.46

1.08

488

8th

3.04

1.24

264

11th

2.66

1.40

396

Info Lit Evaluating

5th

3.71

1.03

488

8th

3.33

1.24

264

11th

2.75

1.46

396

Technology  Use

5th

3.31

1.10

488

8th

3.25

1.29

264

11th

2.97

1.50

396

Respect for Diversity

5th

3.91

1.07

488

8th

3.63

1.25

264

11th

3.21

1.57

396

Learning Climate

5th

3.90

1.01

488

8th

3.49

1.30

264

11th

3.12

1.56

396

   

Table 10. Results of ANOVAs Comparing Student Scores across Grade Levels

Scale name

Main effect results

95% confidence intervals for pairwise differences

Information Literacy—Finding Information

F(2, 1145) = 33.10,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.06

  

8th
Mean = 3.94

11th
Mean = 3.64

5th
Mean = 4.20

.0956 to .4151

.3877 to .7362

8th
Mean = 3.94

–

.0989 to .5143

Information Literacy—Using Information

F(2, 1146) = 47.8,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.08

  

8th
Mean = 3.04

11th
Mean = 2.66

5th
Mean = 3.46

.2051 to .6290

.6100 to 1.0112

8th
Mean = 3.04

–

.1498 to .6373

Information Literacy—Evaluating Information

F(2, 1144) = 68.78,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.11

  

8th
Mean = 3.33

11th
Mean = 2.75

5th
Mean = 3.71

.1655 to .5839

.7723 to 1.1792

8th
Mean = 3.33

–

.3523 to .8497

Technology Use

F(2, 1146) = 8.73,
p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.02

  

8th
Mean = 3.25

11th
Mean = 2.97

5th
Mean= 3.31

N.S.

.1378 to .5630

8th
Mean= 3.25

–

.0412 to .5563

Respect for Diversity

F(2, 1145) = 33.68,
p<0.00,
partial h2 = 0.06

  

8th
Mean = 3.63

11th
Mean = 3.21

5th
Mean = 3.91

.0613 to .4845

.4995 to .9331

8th
Mean = 3.63

–

.1847 to .7021

Learning Climate

F(2, 1145) = 42.02, p < 0.00,
partial h2 = 0.07

  

8th
Mean = 3.49

11th
Mean = 3.12

5th
Mean = 3.90

.1866 to .6193

.5826 to 1.0083

8th
Mean = 3.49

–

.1290 to .6559

   

Table 11. Scale Correlations for SLMS Responses to Ten Survey Scales

 

 

InfoLit
finding

InfoLit
using

InfoLit
eval

Tech

Diversity

Collab

Prof
dev

IEP

Assistive
tech

Information Literacy—Using

Pearson Correlation

.680**

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Information Literacy—Evaluating

Pearson Correlation

.735**

.712**

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N

47

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Technology Use

Pearson Correlation

.477**

.383**

.564**

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.001

.008

.000

 

 

 

 

 

 

N

47

47

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

Respect for Diversity

Pearson Correlation

.292*

.200

.439**

.586**

 

 

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.047

.179

.002

.000

 

 

 

 

 

N

47

47

47

47

 

 

 

 

 

Collaboration

Pearson Correlation

.609**

.727**

.670**

.499**

.291*

 

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

.000

.000

.000

.047

 

 

 

 

N

47

47

47

47

47

 

 

 

 

Professional Development

Pearson Correlation

.651**

.591**

.764**

.646**

.456**

.622**

 

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.000

.000

.000

.000

.001

.000

 

 

 

N

47

47

47

47

47

47

 

 

 

Individualized Education Program (IEPs)

Pearson Correlation

-.077

.020

.043

-.214

-.106

-.053

-.055

 

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.609

.893

.774

.149

.479

.723

.714

 

 

N

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

 

 

Assistive
Technology

Pearson Correlation

.089

.109

.160

.098

.081

.202

.079

.262

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

.551

.465

.283

.512

.590

.174

.597

.075

 

N

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

 

Inclusion & Collection
Development

Pearson Correlation

.429**

.407**

.478**

.233

.188

.308*

.409**

-.034

.136

Sig. (2-tailed)

.003

.005

.001

.115

.206

.035

.004

.823

.362

N

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

   

Table 12. Means and Standard Deviations (SD) for Rated Items (1 = most important; 10 = least important)

 

SLMS
(N = 47)

Teachers
(N = 134)

Students
(N = 1,147)

Student
Elem.
(N = 488)

Student
Sec.
(N = 659)

Rated Item

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

1. Working with teachers to teach research skills to students

9.23

1.05

7.55

2.59

6.32

3.00

6.33

3.16

6.31

3.88

2. Maintaining a quiet study environment for students

5.53

2.48

7.63

2.17

7.88

2.61

8.10

2.61

7.72

2.61

3. Helping students use computers responsibly

9.00

1.22

7.70

2.64

6.64

3.02

6.89

3.00

6.44

3.02

4. Promoting school library resources and activities within the school

9.09

1.23

8.22

1.87

7.16

2.72

7.40

2.70

6.97

2.75

5. Motivating students to read

9.64

0.64

8.83

1.83

6.67

3.26

7.75

2.86

5.87

3.32

6. Writing and enforcing policies on copyright and appropriate Internet use

7.62

2.21

7.52

2.75

7.03

3.07

7.41

3.09

6.75

3.03

7. Maintaining a neat and orderly collection of resources

7.98

1.85

8.39

1.73

8.38

2.42

8.62

2.30

8.21

2.50

8. Motivating teachers to use computers

6.30

3.00

5.90

3.16

5.43

3.37

5.10

3.46

5.66

3.28

9. Providing information resources for teachers and students

9.67

0.94

8.60

1.73

7.16

2.76

7.31

2.73

7.05

2.78

10. Providing computer support to teachers

5.87

3.45

6.52

3.34

5.58

3.35

5.26

3.413

5.81

3.28

   

Table 13. Item Rankings across Three Response Groups (Highest and Lowest Scores Bolded)

  Rated Item

Overall

SLMS

Teacher

Student

Elem.

Sec.

1. Working with teachers to teach research skills to students

5

8

4

3

3

4

2. Maintaining a quiet study environment for students

3

1

5

9

9

9

3. Helping students use computers responsibly

6

6

6

4

4

5

4. Promoting school library resources and activities within the school

7

7

7

7

6

7

5. Motivating students to read

9

9

10

5

8

3

6. Writing and enforcing policies on copyright and appropriate Internet use

4

4

3

6

7

6

7. Maintaining a neat and orderly collection of resources

8

5

8

10

10

10

8. Motivating teachers to use computers

1

3

1

1

1

1

9. Providing information resources for teachers and students

10

10

9

8

5

8

10. Providing computer support to teachers

2

2

2

2

2

2

   

Table 14 a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j

   

Table 14a. Item 1: Working with Teachers to Teach Research Skills to Students

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

9.23

1.05

Teacher

134

7.54

2.589

Elem.

488

6.33

3.156

Sec.

659

6.31

2.88

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

13.877†

150.815

.000

 

Sec.

15.425†

106.659

.000

 

Teacher

6.238†

175.570

.000

Elem.

Sec.

.107†

992.347

.915

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14b. Item 2: Maintaining a Quiet Study Environment for Students

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

5.53

2.48

Teacher

134

7.63

2.171

Elem.

488

8.10

2.605

Sec.

659

7.72

2.61

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

-6.484

533

.000

 

Sec.

-5.561

704

.000

 

Teacher

-5.504

179

.000

Elem

Sec.

2.445

1145

.015

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14c. Item 3: Helping Students Use Computers Responsibly

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

9.00

1.22

Teacher

134

7.70

2.644

Elem.

488

6.89

3.001

Sec.

659

6.44

3.02

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

9.457†

112.186

.000

 

Sec.

12.011†

94.019

.000

 

Teacher

4.490†

166.628

.000

Elem.

Sec.

2.462

1145

.014

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14d. Item 4: Promoting School Library Resources and Activities within the School

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

9.09

1.231

Teacher

134

8.22

1.869

Elem.

488

7.40

2.698

S

659

6.97

2.753

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

7.744†

96.505

.000

 

Sec.

10.095†

83.966

.000

 

Teacher

3.598†

122.773

.000

Elem.

Sec.

2.634

1145

.009

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14e. Item 5: Motivating Students to Read

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

9.64

.640

Teacher

134

8.83

1.833

Elem.

488

7.75

2.859

Sec.

659

5.87

3.317

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

11.858†

291.027

.000

 

Sec.

23.661†

311.030

.000

 

Teacher

4.405†

178.999

.000

Elem.

Sec.

10.277†

1,118.895

.000

† Equal variances not assumed  

   

Table 14f. Item 6: Writing and Enforcing Policies on Copyright and Appropriate Internet Use

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

7.62

2.212

Teacher

134

7.52

2.747

Elem.

488

7.41

3.090

Sec.

659

6.75

3.034

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

.595†

64.697

.554

 

Sec.

2.520†

59.092

.014

 

Teacher

.213

179

.832

Elem.

Sec.

3.596

1,145

.000

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14g. Item 7: Maintaining a Neat and Orderly Collection of Resources

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

7.98

1.847

Teacher

134

8.39

1.734

Elem.

488

8.62

2.302

Sec.

659

8.21

2.497

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

-1.843

533

.066

 

Sec.

-.621

704

.535

 

Teacher

-1.369

179

.173

Elem.

Sec.

2.858†

1,091.721

.004

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14h. Item 8: Motivating Teachers to Use Computers

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

6.30

2.999

Teacher

134

5.90

3.164

Elem.

488

5.10

3.455

Sec.

659

5.66

3.282

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

2.290

533

.022

 

Sec.

1.303

704

.193

 

Teacher

.746

179

.457

Elem.

Sec.

-2.759

1145

.006

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14i. Item 9: Providing Information Resources for Teachers and Students

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

9.66

.939

Teacher

134

8.60

1.747

Elem.

488

7.31

2.730

Sec.

659

7.05

2.782

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

12.730†

142.453

.000

 

Sec.

14.958†

118.408

.000

 

Teacher

5.177†

149.385

.000

Elem.

Sec.

1.604

1,145

.109

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 14j. Item 10: Providing Computer Support to Teachers

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

SLMS

47

5.87

3.449

Teacher

134

6.51

3.342

Elem.

488

5.26

3.413

Sec.

659

5.81

3.279

 

 

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

SLMS

Elem.

1.169

533

.243

 

Sec.

.131

704

.896

 

Teacher

-1.125

179

.262

Elem.

Sec.

-2.735

1,145

.006

† Equal variances not assumed

   

Table 15. Codes Used for Content Analysis of SLMS Responses

Finding Useful Information - Positive

23

SLMS Teaches Computers Research Skills - Positive

14

SLMS Uses Varied Teaching Methods - Positive

14

SLMS' Willingness to Collaborate - Positive

14

SLMS Helps Students Use Computers - Positive

13

Finding Resources in Multiple Formats - Positive

8

Information Organization - Positive

8

SLMS Collaborates for Instructional Design - Positive

8

Communicating Information in Appropriate Format - Positive

7

SLMS Provides Recognition and Presentations Choices - Positive

7

Evaluate Resources - Positive

5

Find Diverse Viewpoints - Positive

5

SLMS as Research Role Model - Positive

5

SLMS Provides Enrichment Opportunities - Positive

5

Creating Artifacts from Information - Positive

4

Information for Personal Interest - Positive

4

SLMS Challenges Students - Positive

4

SLMS Stimulates Student Curiosity - Positive

4

Finding Differentiated Reading Materials - Positive

3

Leadership Vision of SLMS - Positive

3

SLMC as Resource - Positive

3

SLMS Active on Instructional Team - Positive

3

SLMS as Technology Role Model - Positive

3

Evaluate Quality of Artifact - Positive

2

Identify Innacurate Information - Positive

2

SLMS Builds on Students' Prior Knowledge - Positive

2

SLMS Clarifies Expectations - Positive

2

SLMS Collaborates with Teachers for Assessment - Positive

2

SLMS Collaborates with Teachers to Map Curriculum - Positive

2

SLMS Encourages Questions - Positive

2

SLMS Has Access to IEPs - Negative

2

SLMS Maintains Supportive Learning Environment - Positive

2

SLMS Models Enthusiasm - Positive

2

SLMS Provides Choices and Options - Positive

2

SLMS Reviews IEPs Regularly - Negative

2

SLMS Seeks Feedback from Teachers - Positive

2

SLMS Shows Confidence in Student Abilities - Positive

2

Respect Copyright/Citing Sources - Positive

2

Time as SLMS

2

SLMS Helps Students Use Computers - Negative

1

SLMS Provides Choices - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Opportunities for Success - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Opportunities to Use Research Skills - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Recognition - Positive

1

SLMS Teaches Computers Research Skills - Negative

1

SLMS Team Teaches - Positive

1

SLMS Updates Knowledge/Skills - Positive

1

SLMS Uses IEPs to Inform Instruction - Negative

1

SLMS Uses IEPs to Inform Instruction - Positive

1

Recognize Relevant Information - Positive

1

Sharing Information - Positive

1

Asking Right Questions - Positive

1

Frequency of School Library Visits for Academic Reasons

1

Frequency of School Library Visits for Recreational Reading

1

Identify Information Need - Positive

1

SLMS Conveys Usefulness of Skills to Students - Positive

1

   

Table 16. Codes Used for Content Analysis of Teacher Responses

Finding Useful Information - Positive

67

SLMS’ Willingness to Collaborate - Positive

39

SLMS Helps Students Use Computers - Positive

29

SLMS Teaches Computers Research Skills - Positive

28

Finding Resources in Multiple Formats - Positive

25

Communicating Information in Appropriate Format - Positive

21

Content Area Taught

14

SLMS Collaborates for Instructional Design - Positive

14

SLMS Maintains Supportive Learning Environment - Positive

14

SLMS Uses Varied Teaching Methods - Positive

14

Finding Differentiated Reading Materials - Positive

13

Creating Artifacts from Information - Positive

11

Information for Personal Interest - Positive

11

Evaluate Resources - Positive

9

Find Diverse Viewpoints - Positive

9

Information Organization - Positive

8

SLMS Models Enthusiasm - Positive

5

SLMS as Research Role Model - Positive

4

SLMS Provides Choices and Options - Positive

4

SLMS Provides Opportunities for Success - Positive

4

SLMC as Resource - Positive

3

SLMS as Technology Role Model - Positive

3

SLMS Chooses Materials that Address Learning Needs - Positive

3

SLMS Collaborates with Teachers to Map Curriculum - Positive

3

SLMS Encourages Curiousity - Positive

3

SLMS Stimulates Student Curiousity - Positive

3

SLMS Team Teaches - Positive

3

SLMS Updates Knowledge/Skills - Positive

3

Distinguish Fact, Opinion, P.O.V. - Positive

2

Finding Useful Information - Negative

2

Frequency of School Library Visits

2

SLMS Active on Instructional Team - Positive

2

SLMS Builds on Students’ Prior Knowledge - Positive

2

SLMS Clarifies Expectations - Positive

2

SLMS Computer Mastery - Positive

2

SLMS Provides Recognition - Positive

2

SLMS Seeks Feedback from Teachers - Positive

2

SLMS Teaches Appropriate Computer Use - Positive

2

SLMS Understands Students' Opinions - Positive

2

Selecting Appropriate Information - Positive

2

Sharing Information - Positive

2

Time at Current School/Position

2

Alternative Information Seeking Options - Positive

1

Asking Right Questions - Positive

1

Finding Resources in Multiple Formats - Negative

1

Frequency of School Library Visits for Academic Reasons

1

Identify Innacurate Information - Positive

1

SLMC as Resource - Negative

1

SLMS Challenges Students - Negative

1

SLMS Collaborates with Teachers for Assessment - Positive

1

SLMS Conveys Importance of Research Skills - Positive

1

SLMS Encourages Questions - Positive

1

SLMS Models Enthusiasm - Negative

1

SLMS Promotes Relevance of Skills - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Opportunities to Use Research Skills - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Recognition and Presentations Choices - Positive

1

SLMS Providses Enrichment Opportunities - Positive

1

SLMS Shows Confidence in Student Abilities - Positive

1

SLMS Trains Teachers - Positive

1

Recognize Relevant Information - Positive

1

Respect Copyright/Citing Sources - Positive

1

Respect Others’ Ideas - Positive

1

Special Educator

1

      

   

Table 17. Codes Used for Content Analysis of Student Responses

Code Count

Code Count

Code Count

Finding Useful Information - Positive

795

SLMS Teaches Computers Research Skills - Positive

220

Grade Level

203

SLMS Helps Students Use Computers - Positive

161

Finding Resources in Multiple Formats - Positive

142

Information for Personal Interest - Positive

105

Communicating Information in Appropriate Format - Positive

66

SLMS Provides Opportunities for Success - Positive

64

SLMS Provides Choices and Options - Positive

56

Information Organization - Positive

51

SLMS Maintains Supportive Learning Environment - Positive

33

Frequency of School Library Visits

31

Finding Differentiated Reading Materials - Positive

29

Frequency of School Library Visits for Academic Reasons

29

SLMC as Resource - Positive

24

SLMS Understands Students’ Opinions - Positive

24

Frequency of School Library Visits for Computer Use

22

Frequency of School Library Visits for Recreational Reading

22

Find Diverse Viewpoints - Positive

19

Evaluate Resources - Positive

18

SLMS Teaches Appropriate Computer Use - Positive

18

SLMC as Resource - Negative

17

Creating Artifacts from Information - Positive

16

SLMS Ties Effort to Success - Positive

13

Selecting Appropriate Information - Positive

13

Finding Useful Information - Negative

12

Recognize Relevant Information - Positive

12

SLMS as Research Role Model - Positive

11

SLMS Challenges Students - Positive

11

SLMS Relates Skills to Students’ Needs/Interests - Positive

11

Identify Innacurate Information - Positive

10

SLMS Shows Confidence in Student Abilities - Positive

10

Respect Copyright/Citing Sources - Positive

10

SLMS Teaches Computers Research Skills - Negative

7

Completeness of Information - Positive

6

SLMS Promotes Relevance of Skills - Positive

6

SLMS Provides Recognition - Positive

6

SLMS as Technology Role Model - Positive

5

SLMS Computer Mastery - Positive

5

SLMS Encourages Questions - Positive

5

Distinguish Fact, Opinion, P.O.V. - Positive

4

SLMS Clarifies Expectations - Positive

4

SLMS Helps Students Use Computers - Negative

4

SLMS Maintains Supportive Learning Environment - Negative

4

Finding Resources in Multiple Formats - Negative

3

Average Grades

2

Content Area Taught

2

SLMS Builds on Students’ Prior Knowledge - Positive

2

SLMS Maintains Atmosphere of Acceptance - Positive

2

SLMS Teaches Appropriate Computer Use - Negative

2

SLMS Understands Students' Opinions - Negative

2

SLMS’ Willingness to Collaborate - Positive

2

Respect Others’ Ideas - Positive

2

Alternative Information Seeking Options - Positive

1

Asking Right Questions - Positive

1

Completeness of Information - Negative

1

Evaluate Quality of Artifact - Positive

1

Find Diverse Viewpoints - Negative

1

Information for Personal Interest - Negative

1

SLMS as Technology Role Model - Negative

1

SLMS Challenges Students - Negative

1

SLMS Chooses Materials that Address Learning Needs - Negative

1

SLMS Encourages Questions - Negative

1

SLMS Models Enthusiasm - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Choices - Positive

1

SLMS Provides Recognition and Presentations Choices - Positive

1

SLMS Shows Confidence in Student Abilities - Negative

1

SLMS Trains Teachers - Positive

1

SLMS Updates Knowledge/Skills - Negative

1

SLMS Updates Knowledge/Skills - Positive

1

SLMS Uses IEPs to Inform Instruction - Negative

1

SLMS Uses Varied Teaching Methods - Positive

1

Respect Copyright/Citing Sources - Negative

1

Sharing Information - Positive

1