Table 1. School Level Geographic Distribution, Socioeconomic Situation, and Location
Table 1 | Table 2 | Table 3 | Table 4 | Table 5 | Table 6 | Table 7 | Table 8 | Table 9
|
Variable |
Percent |
N of schools |
|
Region |
West, 19 Mid-West, 38 South, 6 North East, 36 |
9 18 3 17 |
|
Socioeconomic level (self-reported by school librarian) |
Low needs, 9 Average needs, 72 High needs, 19 |
4 34 9 |
|
School Location |
Rural, 19 Suburban, 72 Urban, 9 |
9 34 4 |
Table 2. Student Race/Ethnicity
|
Race/ethnicity category |
N of students |
% of total |
National percentage* |
|
Native American |
14 |
1.10 |
1.20 |
|
Asian and Pacific Islander |
54 |
4.30 |
4.60 |
|
Black |
86 |
6.80 |
17.20 |
|
White |
927 |
73.70 |
57.10 |
|
Other |
34 |
2.70 |
- |
|
Hispanic/ Latino |
138 |
11.00 |
19.80 |
*National percentage figures reflect all students enrolled in U.S. elementary and secondary schools in 2005. ( http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2008/nativetrends/tables/table_2_1a.asp).
Table 3. Student Gender
|
Gender |
N |
% |
|
Male |
677 |
46.2 |
|
Female |
582 |
53.8 |
Table 4. Reliability of Study Constructs
|
Reliability |
Cronbach’s alpha |
|
Perceived competence in information skills: 17 items |
.93 |
|
Perceived competence in digital technology activities: 11 items |
.92 |
|
Read for enjoyment: 3 items |
.80 |
|
Curiosity: 5 items |
.79 |
|
Information skills: 25 items |
.81 |
|
Digital technology: 43 items |
.86 |
Table 5. Descriptive Statistics of Measures Used in the Analyses
|
Variable pist |
Project participants |
||
|
M |
SD |
N |
|
|
Parent education |
3.65 |
1.35 |
993 |
|
Self-reported grades |
3.78 |
.98 |
1209 |
|
Perceived competence in reading |
4.06 |
.99 |
1204 |
|
Enjoyment of reading |
3.51 |
1.14 |
1266 |
|
Perceived competence in information skills |
3.89 |
.67 |
1259 |
|
Perceived competence in digital technology activities |
4.04 |
.72 |
1156 |
|
Curiosity |
3.68 |
.72 |
1268 |
|
Information skills knowledge |
13.71 |
4.98 |
1204 |
|
Digital technology knowledge |
27.03 |
7.40 |
1156 |
Table 6. Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Variables Used in the Analysis
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
|
|
1. Parent education |
1 |
||||||||
|
N |
993 |
||||||||
|
2. Self-reported grades |
.27** |
1 |
|||||||
|
N |
921 |
1209 |
|||||||
|
3. Perceived competence in reading |
.13** |
.22** |
1 |
||||||
|
N |
917 |
1204 |
1204 |
||||||
|
4. Enjoyment of reading |
.17** |
.18** |
.49** |
1 |
|||||
|
N |
955 |
1208 |
1203 |
1266 |
|||||
|
5. Perceived competence in information skills |
.28** |
.35** |
.41** |
.48** |
1 |
||||
|
N |
952 |
1209 |
1204 |
1258 |
1259 |
||||
|
6. Curiosity |
.22** |
.25** |
.33** |
.41** |
.58** |
1 |
|||
|
N |
954 |
1207 |
1202 |
1264 |
1258 |
1268 |
|||
|
7. Perceived competence in digital technology activities |
.18** |
.16** |
.28** |
.33** |
.58** |
.46** |
1 |
||
|
N |
926 |
1078 |
1073 |
1118 |
1115 |
1116 |
1159 |
||
|
8. Information skills knowledge |
.27** |
.39** |
.43** |
.40** |
.41** |
.30** |
.32** |
1 |
|
|
N |
918 |
1200 |
1195 |
1203 |
1204 |
1202 |
1071 |
1204 |
|
|
9. Digital technology knowledge |
.30** |
.38** |
.42** |
.37** |
.38** |
.29** |
.41** |
.72** |
1 |
|
N |
926 |
1074 |
1069 |
1114 |
1111 |
1112 |
1141 |
1069 |
1156 |
* p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
Table 7. Ordinary Least Squares Regression Predicting Actual Information Skills Knowledge
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|
|
Variable List |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
|
Curiosity |
.16*** |
.004 |
||
|
Perceived competence in information skills |
.10** |
.10** |
||
|
Enjoyment of reading |
.15*** |
.15** |
||
|
Perceived competence in reading |
.21*** |
.21** |
||
|
Parent education |
.17*** |
.15*** |
.12*** |
.18** |
|
Self-reported grades |
.34*** |
.31*** |
.24*** |
.34** |
|
Intercept |
7.5 |
2.2 |
-2.2 |
-2.17 |
|
n |
911 |
911 |
908 |
906 |
|
R 2 |
.18 |
.20 |
.30 |
.30 |
|
Adjusted R 2 |
.18 |
.20 |
.30 |
.30 |
* p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
Table 8. Ordinary Least Squares Regression Predicting Actual Digital Technology Knowledge
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|
|
Variable List |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
|
Curiosity |
.16*** |
-.01 |
||
|
Perceived competence in technology skills |
.22*** |
.22** |
||
|
Enjoyment of reading |
.09** |
.10** |
||
|
Perceived competence in reading |
.26*** |
.26*** |
||
|
Parent education |
.20*** |
.18*** |
.14*** |
.15*** |
|
Self-reported grades |
.31*** |
.29*** |
.22*** |
.22*** |
|
Intercept |
14.17 |
7.09 |
-.512 |
-.351 |
|
n |
870 |
870 |
862 |
860 |
|
R 2 |
.17 |
.20 |
.34 |
.34 |
|
Adjusted R 2 |
.17 |
.19 |
.34 |
.34 |
* p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001
Table 9. Ordinary Least Squares Regression Predicting Actual Digital Technology Knowledge Based on Information Skills Knowledge and Perceived Competence in Information Skills
|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|
|
Variable List |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
Standardized Beta |
|
Information literacy knowledge |
.65*** |
.62*** |
.61*** |
|
|
Perceived competence in information skills |
.11*** |
.08** |
||
|
Enjoyment of reading |
.07** |
|||
|
Parent education |
.20*** |
.09*** |
.08*** |
.08** |
|
Self-reported grades |
.31*** |
.08*** |
.06*** |
.06** |
|
Intercept |
14.15 |
11.96 |
5.77 |
5.63 |
|
n |
864 |
863 |
862 |
861 |
|
R 2 |
.17 |
.51 |
.52 |
.53 |
|
Adjusted R 2 |
.17 |
.51 |
.52 |
.52 |
* p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001